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tmux

New session 

tmux new -s session_name

List sessions 

tmux ls

Attach to session 

tmux a -t session_name

Keys All must be preceded by `ctrl+b` | Key | Function | | --- | -------- | | `d` | Detach | | `?` | Show Help |
Select [Source](https://www.rockyourcode.com/copy-and-paste-in-tmux/) Enter ‘copy mode’ by pressing `CTRL+b`, `[`. Use the arrow keys to go to the position from where you want to start copying. Press `CTRL+SPACE` to start copying. Use arrow keys to go to the end of text you want to copy. Press `ALT+w` or `CTRL+w` to copy into Tmux buffer. Press `CTRL+b`, `]` to paste in a possibly different Tmux pane/window.

emacs

Emacs no window 

emacs -nw
emacs --no-window-system --color=never

GUI 

emacs

Keys `C-x` means `control` + `x` | Key | Function | | --- | -------- | | `C-x C-c` | Close |

ddcutil

Detect monitors. 

sudo ddcutil detect

Show capabilities for the monitor. 

sudo ddcutil --display 1 capabilities

Get and set values 

sudo ddcutil getvcp ALL
sudo ddcutil getvcp 10
sudo ddcutil setvcp 10 20

https://www.ddcutil.com/commands/

Examples Manual start 
sudo modprobe i2c-dev
Start on boot 
echo "i2c-dev" | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/i2c-dev.conf
Show monitor models: 
sudo ddcutil detect | grep "Model:" | awk '{$1=""; print substr($0,2)}'
Get more information on the *Feature*. 
sudo ddcutil -d 1 vcpinfo 10
---
VCP code 10: Brightness
   Increase/decrease the brightness of the image.
   MCCS versions: 2.0, 2.1, 3.0, 2.2
   ddcutil feature subsets: PROFILE, COLOR
   Attributes: Read Write, Continuous (normal)
Set a value for a *Feature*. 
sudo ddcutil setvcp 10 20
sudo ddcutil setvcp 10 +5
sudo ddcutil setvcp 10 -- -20
Get the current value of a *Feature*. 
sudo ddcutil getvcp 10
---
VCP code 0x10 (Brightness): current value =    18, max value =   100

weechat

Key Function
^p Previous buffer
^n Next buffer
Command Function
/fset * Show current configuration
/set Set the configuration
/list List all channels
/list -re #arch* Search channels
Examples Add a server 
/server add liberachat irc.libera.chat/6697
Connect to a server 
/connect liberachat
/connect irc.libera.chat 6697 yurialek:password
Identify 
/msg NickServ IDENTIFY yurialek password
Set the nick 
/set irc.server.liberachat.nicks "yurialek"
Show the current options for the server 
/fset irc.server.liberachat.*
Search for a channel 
/list *nixos*
/list -re #arch*
Join a channel 
/join #archlinux
Show help 
/help part
Part a channel 
/part

nnn

Keys `^R` means `Control` + `r` | Key | Function | | --- | -------- | | `q` | Close context / Close | | `Q` | Close | | `o` | Open with | | `.` | Toggle hidden | | `b` `^/` | Bookmark key | | `1-4` | Context 1-4 | | `/` | Filter (Search) | | `f` `^F` | File details | | `e` | Edit file | | `n` | New | | `d` | Toggle detail mode | | `Space` `^J` | (Un)select | | `p` `^P` | Copy selection here | | `v` `^V` | Move selection here | | `x` `^X` | Delete | | `^R` | Rename | | `!` `^]` | Shell | | `=` | Launch app | | `]` | Cmd prompt. `Ctrl+d` to exit |

Configure bookmarks 

export NNN_BMS="d:$HOME/Documents;u:/data/videos;D:$HOME/Downloads/"

w3m

Source

  • N Number in some cases.
  • () Optional.
  • shift+n Press shift and n at the same time to get N
  • esc n Press esc then n
  • ^ is ctrl
Keys | Key | Function | | --- | -------- | | `H` | Hot keys | | `o` | Show options | | `B` | Close this buffer and go to previous buffer "Back" | | `s` | Select buffer | | `/` | Search forwards | | `?` | Search backwards | | `n` | Next "search" item | | `N` | Previous "search" item | | `g` | Go to top | | `G` | Got to bottom | | `T` | New tab with the same link but not the same buffer | | `ctrl+t` | Open link in a new tab | | `esc t` | List of all tabs | | `^q` | Close tab | | `{}` | Previous/Next tab | | `tab` | Next link | | `shift+tab` | Previous link | | `a` | Save link to file | | `shift+u` | Go to url | | `[]` | First/Last link | | `L` | List all links | | `esc l` | List of links to go. Better `shift+l`| | `u` | Peek the URL of a link | | `c` | Peek current URL | | `M` | Browse current document using external browser | | `esc m` | List of links to show, not to go | | `esc shift m` | Browse current document using external browser | | `(N) esc shift m` | Browse current document using N external browser | | `^h` | Show history | | `i` | Peek image URL | | `I` | View image | | `esc I` | Save image | | `esc b` | Show bookmarks | | `esc a` | Add current URL to bookmarks | | `space` | Page down | | `b` | Page up | | `,.` | Shift screen one column left/right | | `<>` | Scroll left and right | | `=` | Display information about current document | | `ctrl+c` | Show current line number | | `ctrl+r` | Reload page |
Paths | Paths | Usage | | ----- | ----- | | `~/.w3m/bookmark.html` | Bookmarks | | `~/.w3m/config` | Config | | `~/.w3m/pre_form` | Pre-fill forms |

Links: - http://w3m.rocks/

surfraw

Browse something. 

surfraw musicbrainz rolling stones
BROWSER=qutebrowser sr urban tldr
/usr/lib/surfraw/imdb E.T. -browser=w3m

List of elvi 

surfraw -elvi
ls -lA /usr/lib/surfraw

Create new elvi with mkelvis from https://github.com/Hoboneer/surfraw-tools 

mkelvis yourelvisname --description='Search Example for bliks' example.com 'example.com/search?q='

Paths | Path | Use | | ---- | --- | | `~/.config/surfraw/elvi/` | Per‐user elvi | | `~/.config/surfraw/conf` | Per‐user config file | | `~/.config/surfraw/bookmarks` | Per‐user bookmarks file | Table: surfraw paths
Install `surfraw-tools` 
apt-get install -y python3-venv pipx
pipx install surfraw-tools --force
/root/.local/pipx/venvs/surfraw-tools/bin/mkelvis rarbg rarbgmirror.org 'rarbgmirror.org/torrents.php?search='
LXD 
lxc launch images:debian/10 -e elvi && lxc exec elvi -- /bin/bash
apt-get install -y python3-venv pipx
pipx install surfraw-tools --force
/root/.local/pipx/venvs/surfraw-tools/bin/mkelvis rarbg rarbgmirror.org 'rarbgmirror.org/torrents.php?search='
lxc file pull elvi/root/rarbg ~/.config/surfraw/elvi/
# Power Off container
BROWSER=qutebrowser sr rarbg Ubuntu

scrcpy

MOD is left alt or right super.

Shortcut Action
MOD+f Switch fullscreen mode
MOD+r Rotate device screen
MOD+o Turn device screen off (keep mirroring)
MOD+s Click on APP_SWITCH
MOD+h or Middle-click Click on HOME
Right-click Back | Power on while screen is off
MOD+p Click on POWER

https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy#shortcuts

More | Shortcut | Action | | ----- | ----- | | `MOD+←` (left) | Rotate display left | | `MOD+→` (right) | Rotate display right | | `MOD+g` | Resize window to 1:1 (pixel-perfect) | | `MOD+w` or Double-click | Resize window to remove black borders | | `MOD+b` or Right-click | Click on BACK | | `MOD+m` | Click on MENU (unlock screen) | | `MOD+↑` (up) | Click on VOLUME_UP | | `MOD+↓` (down) | Click on VOLUME_DOWN | | `MOD+Shift+o` | Turn device screen on | | `MOD+n` | Expand notification panel | | `MOD+Shift+n` | Collapse notification panel | | `MOD+c` | Copy to clipboard | | `MOD+x` | Cut to clipboard | | `MOD+v` | Synchronize clipboards and paste³ | | `MOD+Shift+v` | Inject computer clipboard text | | `MOD+i` | Enable/disable FPS counter (on stdout) | | `Ctrl+click-and-move` | Pinch-to-zoom |

Anacron

Run anacron right now. 

sudo anacron -d -n -f

Options - `s` Serialize execution of jobs - `f` Force execution of jobs, even before their time - `n` Run jobs with no delay, implies -s - `d` Don't fork to the background - `q` Suppress stderr messages, only applicable with -d - `u` Update the timestamps without actually running anything - `V` Print version information - `h` Print this message - `t` Use alternative anacrontab - `T` Test an anacrontab - `S` Select a different spool directory

Run the scripts directly. 

nice run-parts /etc/cron.daily

rsync

rsync -aPHAXv -- /path/to/source user@server:/path/to/destination/
rsync -aPHAXv -- /path/to/file user@server:/path/to/file
rsync -e 'ssh -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa -l user' -- /path/to/file user@server:/path/to/destination/
Options - `r` recurse into directories - `l` copy symlinks as symlinks - `p` preserve permissions - `t` preserve modification times - `g` preserve group - `o` preserve owner (super-user only) - `D` preserve device and special files - `a` archive mode; equals -rlptgoD (no -H,-A,-X) - `H` preserve hard links - `A` preserve ACLs (implies --perms) - `X` preserve extended attributes - `partial` keep partially transferred files - `progress` - `P` same as `--partial` `--progress` - `v` Verbose, useful to know which file changes - `e` Specify the remote shell command to use - `z` compress - `n` dry run - `S` sparse - `q` quiet - `u` skip files that are newer on the receiver - `U` preserve access (use) times - `delete` delete extraneous files from dest dirs. Sync (match) source and destination. Needs `r` or `d`. - `r` `recursive` recurse into directories - `d` `dirs` transfer directories without recursing - `remove-source-files` sender removes synchronized files (non-dir). Move files.

tcpdump

tcpdump -ennq \( arp or icmp \)
tcpdump -ennq arp
tcpdump -ennqti enp2s0 tcp port 443 and src 10.0.0.1
tcpdump -ennqti enp2s0 dst port 443
tcpdump 'tcp[tcpflags] & (tcp-rst|tcp-ack) == (tcp-rst|tcp-ack)'
tcpdump net 192.168.1.0/24
tcpdump src 192.168.1.1 and dst 192.168.1.2 and dst port 80
tcpdump 'icmp[icmptype] != icmp-echo and icmp[icmptype] != icmp-echoreply' ## Not ping
tcpdump -ennqti eth0 tcp port not 22 ## Do not show SSH traffic
Options - `e` Print the link-level header on each dump line. - `n` Don't convert addresses to names. - `q` Print less protocol information so output lines are shorter. - `t` Don't print a timestamp on each dump line. - `i` listen on interface - `I` Put the interface in "monitor mode" (WiFi) - `w` write to file - `A` print each packet in ASCII without the link-level header. Handy for capturing web pages. - `X` show the contents in Hex and Ascii - `XX` show the contents and headers in Hex and Ascii - `l` Make stdout line buffered. Useful if you want to see the data while capturing it. - `q` quiet - `t|tttt` human-readable timestamp output - `v|vvv` verbose - `c` get x number of packets and stop - `s` size of the capture in bytes. `s0` to capture everything. - `S` print absolute sequence numbers - `e` get the ethernet header - `dst|src|net` - `arp|icmp|tcp|udp|ip6` - `r` Read packets from file
TCP flags RST 
tcpdump 'tcp[13] & 4!=0'
tcpdump 'tcp[tcpflags] == tcp-rst'
SYN 
tcpdump 'tcp[13] & 2!=0'
tcpdump 'tcp[tcpflags] == tcp-syn'
SYN and ACK 
tcpdump 'tcp[13]=18'
SYN and RST 
tcpdump 'tcp[13]=6'
URG 
tcpdump 'tcp[13] & 32!=0'
tcpdump 'tcp[tcpflags] == tcp-urg'
ACK 
tcpdump 'tcp[13] & 16!=0'
tcpdump 'tcp[tcpflags] == tcp-ack'
PSH 
tcpdump 'tcp[13] & 8!=0'
tcpdump 'tcp[tcpflags] == tcp-push'
FIN 
tcpdump 'tcp[13] & 1!=0'
tcpdump 'tcp[tcpflags] == tcp-fin'

pass

Oficial documentation

pass insert internet/gitlab
pass insert --multiline internet/gitlab
pass --clip internet/gitlab
pass show --clip internet/gitlab
pass generate internet/gitlab
pass edit internet/gitlab
pass otp append --echo internet/gitlab
pass rm internet/gitlab

TOTP from hex to B32 

oathtool -v -d6 511fa83c3493a7009f1ab5d7502cc2

Initialize Create a GPG key. 
gpg --full-generate-key
Get the key ID. In this case is `AA21250888469FBC`. 
gpg --list-secret-keys --keyid-format LONG
------------------------------------------
sec   rsa4096/AA21250888469FBC 2019-08-15 [SC]
      69215DC44E8303C83090F2F1AA21250888469FBC
uid                 [ultimate] Yuri Alek (Example keys)
ssb   rsa4096/118727056C98BE57 2019-08-15 [E]
Initialize the repo with the key. 
pass init "AA21250888469FBC"
Initialize a git repo. 
pass git init
Manually decrypt a file. 
gpg --decrypt .password-store/internet/gitlab.gpg
Backup

Backup

Export the keys (public and private). The key id is in `~/.password-store/.gpg-id`. 
gpg --output gpg_sec.gpg --armor --export-secret-key AA21250888469FBC
gpg --output gpg_sec.gpg --armor --export-secret-key `cat ~/.password-store/.gpg-id`
Backup the folder `~/.password-store`

Restore

Import the keys. 
gpg --allow-secret-key-import --import gpg_sec.gpg
And trust the keys again to encrypt new passwords 
gpg --edit-key AA21250888469FBC
gpg> trust
  1 = I don't know or won't say
  2 = I do NOT trust
  3 = I trust marginally
  4 = I trust fully
  5 = I trust ultimately
  m = back to the main menu

Your decision? 5
Do you really want to set this key to ultimate trust? (y/N) y
gpg> quit
More - `passmenu`: dmenu. - `gpg-agent`: Will keep the password for your key. - `pinentry`: Will pop a window to introduce your password.

Re-encrypt every password with another key

pass init "8271F30B83C51C44"
where `"8271F30B83C51C44"` is the GPG ID of the new key. You have to input the password for the old key.

Custom pinentry program

In Arch Linux edit `/usr/bin/pinentry`. 
#!/bin/sh

test -e /usr/lib/libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0 &&
exec /usr/bin/pinentry-curses "$@"

#exec /usr/bin/pinentry-gtk-2  "$@"

Links

- -

aria2c

aria2c -c -i links.txt -j 2 -d /path/to/download/folder/

Oficial examples

Options - `d` Directory to store downloaded files - `o` File name of the downloaded file - `i` Download from file - `c` Continue partially downloaded content - `j` Max concurrent downloads

netcat

listen

  • BSD nc -lvn 9001
  • Linux nc -lvnp 9001
  • Send file nc -lvnp 80 < file
  • Receive file nc -lvnp 9001 > file

The file can contain any protocol information like http.

connect

  • BSD nc -vnp 10.0.0.1 9001
  • linux nc -v 10.0.0.1 9001

wget

wget --continue --mirror --no-host-directories --no-parent --recursive --user-agent=firefox --reject -R ".DS_Store,Thumbs.db,thumbcache.db,desktop.ini,_macosx,index.html*" --limit-rate=200k --random-wait --no-check-certificate https://www.example.com
wget -O file.zip http://www.example.org/random_name_file
wget -R ".DS_Store,Thumbs.db,thumbcache.db,desktop.ini,_macosx,index.html*" -nH -nc --no-cache --no-check-certificate -e robots=off -c --report-speed=bits --unlink https://www.example.com

Download a Full Website Using wget –mirror $ wget --mirror -p --convert-links -P ./LOCAL-DIR WEBSITE-URL

Options - `--continue` - `--mirror` - `--no-host-directories` - `--no-parent` - `--recursive` - `--user-agent` - `--reject` - `--limit-rate` - `--random-wait` - `--no-check-certificate` - `--tries` - `-A` - `--spider`

https://zimtools.xyz/

mpv

Options - Right click over the seek buttons - show chapters

readline

Shortcuts for bash, ftp and some others like telnet.

https://man.archlinux.org/man/readline.3

Keys Run `bindkey` in `zsh` to see all of them. `^[` is `Meta` and `^` is `Control`. Dump the keycodes with `sudo dumpkeys -C /dev/console`. The *kill ring*. When something is erased, in most cases, is placed in a *kill ring*. To get what is inside the *kill ring* use `C-y`. *Kill* means move it to the *kill ring*. | Key | command | Explanation | | --- | :-----: | :---------- | | `ESC` | prefix-meta | Metafy the next character typed. `ESC f` is equivalent to `Meta-f`. | | `C-x C-e` or `C-x-e` | edit-command-line | Edit the current line in $EDITOR | | `C-_` or `C-x C-u` | undo | Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line. | | `C-o` | operate-and-get-next | Accept the current line for return to the calling application as if a newline had been entered, and fetch the next line relative to the current line from the history for editing. A numeric argument, if supplied, specifies the history entry to use instead of the current line. | | `C-k` | kill-line | Kill the text from cursor to the end of the line. | | `C-x Rubout` or `C-x C-k` | backward-kill-line | Kill backward to the beginning of the line. `Rubout` is `Backspace`. `Rubout` does not work for me in zsh. | | `C-u` | unix-line-discard | Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. | | `M-.` or `M-_` | yank-last-arg | Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word of the previous history entry). With a numeric argument, behave exactly like yank-nth-arg | | `C-d` | end-of-file (EOF) and delete-char | The character indicating end-of-file as set, for example, by "stty". Also deletes the current character. | | `M-t` | transpose-words | Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the line, this transposes the last two words on the line. | | `M-n-Backspace` | ? | Kill `n` words backwards. The words can be printed again with `C-y` | | `M-Rubout` or `C-w` | backward-kill-word | Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as those used by backward-word. | zsh only: | Key | command | Explanation | | --- | :-----: | :---------- | | `M-s` | spell-word | Fix word in cursor. Does not seem to work for arguments. | | `M-q` or `C-q` | push-line | Push the current buffer onto the buffer stack and clear the buffer. Next time the editor starts up, the buffer will be popped off the top of the buffer stack and loaded into the editing buffer. | | `M-g` or `C-g` | get-line | Pop the top line off the buffer stack and insert it at the cursor position. | | `M-l` | ls | execute `ls` | | `M-'` | quote-line | Quote the current line; that is, put a `'` character at the beginning and the end, and convert all `'` characters to `'\''`. | More zsh

sysrq

Source

Keyboard Shortcut Description
Alt+SysRq+r Unraw Take control of keyboard back from X.
Alt+SysRq+e Terminate Send SIGTERM to all processes, allowing them to terminate gracefully.
Alt+SysRq+f OOM killer Needs Unraw.
Alt+SysRq+j Thaw Needs Unraw. Unfreeze processes that are in uninterruptible sleep because of filesystem issue.
Alt+SysRq+i Kill Send SIGKILL to all processes, forcing them to terminate immediately.
Alt+SysRq+s Sync Flush data to disk.
Alt+SysRq+u Unmount Unmount and remount all filesystems read-only.
Alt+SysRq+b Reboot Reboot

patch

git diff origin/master docs/arch/fstab.md > ~/fstab.patch
patch -p1 < file.patch

How -p works

-pn means Strip the smallest prefix containing n leading slashes from each file name found in the patch file.

If your patch contains 

--- a/docs/arch/fstab.md
+++ b/docs/arch/fstab.md

patch will merge a/docs/arch/fstab.md with b/docs/arch/fstab.md.

If you specify -p1 it will merge docs/arch/fstab.md with docs/arch/fstab.md.

With -p2 arch/fstab.md with arch/fstab.md.

And -p3 fstab.md with fstab.md.

How to create a patch with git

Create patch. 

git clone --depth 1 <repo>
cd <repo>
vim path/to/file.md
git diff origin/master path/to/file.md > ~/file.patch

Creates a diff with this headers. You have to strip a/ and b/ with -p1 in patch. 

--- a/path/to/file.md
+++ b/path/to/file.md

Patch. 

git clone --depth 1 <repo>
cd <repo>
patch -p1 < ~/file.patch

Mysql

  • Show databases: show databases;
  • Change current database: use database_name;
  • Show tables: show tables;
  • Select rows: select * from users;
  • Select rows in vertical: select * from users \G
mysql> help 
  \g  go  Send command to mysql server. 
  \G  ego Send command to mysql server, display result vertically.

dd

ddrescue

ddrescue manual

ddrescue -f -r5 /dev/sda /dev/sdb /mnt/ssd-af-mapfile

lnav

There is a statically linked binary.

Open all logs from today. 

lnav /var/log/remote/*/$(date +'%Y-%m-%d').log

Recursively open all files in a folder. 

lnav -r /var/log/remote

Shortcuts

  • TAB - Filters
  • G - Go to bottom
  • g - Go to top
  • e/E - Move to the next/previous error
  • w/W - Move to the next/previous warning
  • / - Search
  • TAB - When in search, autocomplete
  • n/N - Search forward/backward
  • > - When in search, move horizontally to view the search hit
  • ENTER - Focus on the breadcrumb bar
  • TAB - or right-arrow) to move through the breadcrum bar.
  • : - Open command prompt
  • :goto - Go to a line, timestamp, ...
  • f/F - Move to the next/previous file.